Fodor's: "The name Isla Mujeres means "Island of Women," although no one knows who dubbed it that. Many believe it was the ancient Maya, who were said to use the island as a religious center for worshipping Ixchel, the Mayan goddess of rainbows, the moon, and the sea, and the guardian of fertility and childbirth. Another popular legend has it that the Spanish conquistador Hernández de Córdoba named the island when he landed here in 1517 and found hundreds of female-shape clay idols dedicated to Ixchel and her daughters. Still others say the name dates later, from the 17th century, when visiting pirates stashed their women on Isla before heading out to pillage the high seas. (Legend has it that both Henry Morgan and Jean Lafitte buried treasure on Isla, although no one has ever found any pirate's gold.) It wasn't until 1821, when Mexico became independent, that people really began to settle on Isla... By 1858 a slave trader-turned-pirate named Fermín Mundaca de Marechaja began building an estate that took up 40% of the island. By the end of the century the population had risen to 651, and residents had begun to establish trade with the mainland, mostly by supplying fish. In 1949, the Mexican navy built a base on Isla's northwestern coast. Around this time the island also caught the eye of some wealthy Mexican sportsmen, who began using it as a vacation spot. Tourism flourished on Isla during the latter half of the 20th century, partly due to the island's most famous resident, Ramón Bravo (1927–1998). A diver, cinematographer, ecologist, and colleague of Jacques Cousteau, Bravo was the first underwater photographer to explore the area. He discovered the now-famous Cave of the Sleeping Sharks and produced dozens of underwater documentaries... Bravo's efforts to maintain the ecology on Isla has helped keep development here to a minimum..." Learn more at: http://www.isla-mujeres.net/history.htm